Installation

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The installation for Cygwin is VERY straight forward, but I'm = including=20 these instructions to make it as easy as possible.

Unless otherwise specified, all commands should be typed into = the=20 Cygwin Bash Shell (either the Cygwin icon on your desktop or the = Cygwin=20 Bash Shell in the Cygnus Solutions group under the Start Menu.

1. Create a directory to download Cygwin to... I generally = download to=20 a "Cygwin" directory on my Desktop.
   
   
2. Download the latest Cygwin Net Release Setup Program into the = directory=20 created above.
   
   
3. Run the newly downloaded "Setup" program. Click Next and = choose=20 "Download from Internet" and click Next. Make sure your new = directory is=20 the "Local Package Directory" and click Next. Choose the = appropriate=20 Internet settings for your connection and click Next. Choose a = good=20 mirror (I've had success with "ftp://mirrors.rcn.net") and click = Next.=20 It's best to install all of the packages, so click Next. =
   
   
4. After you've downloaded the packages, re-run "Setup" and = choose=20 "Install from Local Directory". I installed into C:/Cygwin with = the=20 Unix/All options. The "Unix" option pertains to how Cygwin = handles text=20 files. The "All" option deals with which users on your system = "see"=20 Cygwin. Then, continue through the rest of the Cygwin setup = program.=20
   
   
5. Set up your environment for Cygwin. For NT 4 and Windows = 2000, this=20 is done by right-clicking on My Computer and choosing = Properties. In=20 NT4, it's on the Environment tab. In Windows 2000, it's the = Environment=20 Variables on the Advanced tab. Add the following setting to the = System=20 Environment:=20
   • CYGWIN = ntsec tty
   Append the following = variable to=20 contain the following:=20
   • Path : ;C:\Cygwin\bin
   Note that if = you are=20 NT/2K on FAT(32), the ntsec option for the CYGWIN variable won't = help=20 you much. In these cases, just set CYGWIN to "tty".
   
   
6. I make some other changes to my /etc/passwd and /etc/group = files. In=20 the /etc/passwd, I change the names to lowercase. I also change = the=20 administrators and administrator lines to shorten their "Cygwin" = names,=20 make users members of appropriate groups and make the shell for = accounts=20 that I wouldn't want to log in "/bin/false". Here's what some of = my=20 /etc/passwd looks = like:
   

   everyone:*:0:0:,S-1-1-0::/bin/false
   system:*:18:18:,S-1-5-18::/bin/false
   admins:*:544:544:administrators,U-administrators,S-1-5-32-544::/bin/false=
   
   admin::500:544:administrator,U-administrator,S-1-5-21-[sid]-500:/home/adm=
   in:/bin/bash
   guest:*:501:546:,S-1-5-21-[sid]-501:/home/guest:/bin/false
   jdoe::1001:513:John Doe,S-1-[sid]-1001:/home/jdoe:/bin/bash

   If=20 you're in a domain, you'll have to get a userlist from the = domain. You=20 can either use the whole domain list (mkpasswd -d domain = >>=20 /etc/passwd) or just add specific users
   (mkpasswd -d = domain |=20 egrep -i "^user:" >> /etc/passwd ;
   awk '{print $0;}'=20 /etc/passwd > /tmp/1 ; mv /tmp/1 /etc/passwd, the awk = command is=20 to fix line-feed issues with egrep).
   Next, edit the=20 /etc/passwd file to include the U-DOMAIN\User in the name field: =

   jdoe::2145:513:John =
   Doe,U-DOMAIN\JDoe,S-1-[sid]-2145:/home/jdoe:/bin/bash

   I=20 change my /etc/group file so that names are lowercase and = shorten=20 administrators and power users:
   

   everyone:S-1-1-0:0:
   system:S-1-5-18:18:
   none:S-1-5-21-[sid]-513:513:
   admins:S-1-5-32-544:544:
   guests:S-1-5-32-546:546:
   pusers:S-1-5-32-547:547:
   users:S-1-5-32-545:545:

7. You may optionally wish to customize your=20 /etc/profile and an=20 /etc/bash_aliases per my examples, but this is not = necessary.=20
   
   
8. Optional: Run notepad fixperms.sh and paste = the script=20 from my permissions script page. Then, run=20 ./fixperms.sh. You can download = the=20 script if you'd like.
   Note: Only run this utility = if=20 you're running Cygwin in an NTFS partition with the CYGWIN = environment=20 variable containing "ntsec".

Now you're done! You have a GREAT Unix-like environment for = Windows.=20 You will have to reboot if you want to run any Cygwin applications = as=20 services (like inetd, sshd, ...) so that the Windows Service = Manager can=20 pick up the CYGWIN and PATH variable changes.

Now that you have Cygwin set up, you may be ready to move on to = setting up = OpenSSH under=20 Cygwin.

Cygwin is a user supported project. If you have the skills, = please=20 contribute. Not being skilled in that type of coding, this is the = only way=20 I know how to contribute (the web pages, testing, implementation,=20 ...).

Please leave = me a=20 message while you're here.
Last Updated: 7/11/2001 5:36:39 = PM

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